Which sutra was preached after the Wisdom Sutra?

Answer: Its was the Sutra of Infinite Meaning.


Question: What evidence do you have to support this?

Answers: The conclusion of the Wisdom Sutra, the Sutra of the Benevolent King, states that this teaching was preached "in the 29th year" since the Buddha began preaching the Wisdom Sutra. As the buddha had spent 12 years preaching the Agama sutras, it was in the 42nd year of His preaching when He finished preaching the Wisdom Sutra. And the Sutra of Infinite Meaning declares,"The truth had not been revealed for  forty years or so since His attainment of Buddhahood."

By Nichiren Daishonin,

in his writing Shugo kokka-ron (Treatise on Protecting the Nation)

Namu Myo Ho Renge Kyo

Namo Buddhaya

Namo Dharmaya

Namo Sanghaya

Which sutra was preached following the Hodo (Vaipulya) sutras?

Answer: The Wisdom Sutra (Mahaprajnapramita Sutra).


Question: How do you know this?

Answer: The Nirvana Sutra states that the Wisdom Sutra was preached after the Hodo sutras were.

By Nichiren Daishonin,

in his writing Shugo kokka-ron (Treatise on Protecting the Nation)

Namu Myo Ho Renge Kyo

Namo Buddhaya

Namo Dharmaya

Namo Sanghaya

What sutras were expounded following the Agama sutras?

Answer: They were the Hodo (Vaipulya) sutras.

Question: How do you know this?

Answer: It is stated in the Sutra of Infinite Meaning, "At the beginning the teaching of the Four Noble Truths was preached in Agama sutras ..., the Hodo sutras were preached next." The Nirvana Sutra also states, "The Hodo sutras were preached after the Agama sutras were."

Question: Hodo is an Indian term meaning Mahayana in Chinese and Japanese. The Flower Garland, Wisdom, Lotus and Nirvana Sutras all belong to the Mahayana Hodo sutras. Why do you then call only those sutras preached in the Hodo period the Hodo sutras?

Answer: In fact, not only sutras of the Hodo period are considered Hodo sutras but also Mahayana sutras as the Flower Garland Sutra, Wisdom Sutra, and Lotus Sutra also belong to this category. Nevertheless, these are clear reasons why only those teaching preached during Hodo period are called the Hodo sutras. Precedents for this can clearly be found in the Sutra of Infinite Meaning and the Nirvana Sutra. The enlightenment preached in the Agama sutras is strictly of the Hinayana teaching. The Buddha then preached the Mahayana teachings beginning with the Hodo sutras. The teachings from the Hodo sutras onward then are all considered Mahayana. However, since the teachings in the Hodo sutras are the beginning of the Mahayana teachings, there are called Hodo to distinguish these teachings from those preached after. For instance, when the Discourse on the Repository of Abbidharma Discussions analyzes cognition into eighteen elements, although only ten and a half of the eighteen are of matter, while the remaining seven and a half element are mind, they are called realms of matter because they begin with matter.

By Nichiren Daishonin,

in his writing Shugo kokka-ron (Treatise on Protecting the Nation)

Namu Myo Ho Renge Kyo

Namo Buddhaya

Namo Dharmaya

Namo Sanghaya

What sutras were preached following the Flower Garland Sutra?

Answer: Agama (Hinayana) sutras were preached following the Flower Garland Sutra.


Question: How do you know this?

Answer: Regarding what sutra were preached after the Flower Garland Sutra, the "Introductory" chapter of the Lotus Sutra states, "To those who suffer, hating old age, sickness and death, the Buddha preaches the teaching of Nirvana, showing ignorant people the way to tranquility and extinction of worldly passions." In the "Expedients" chapter of the Lotus Sutra, it states, "The Buddha went to the Deer Park in Baranasi Kingdom.... and preached the dharma to five monks." It is also stated in the Nirvana Sutra, "The Buddha preached on the Middle Way in the Deer Park of the Baranasi Kingdom." This indicates what sutras were preached after the Flower Garland Sutra. According to these scriptural statements, it seem clear that it was the Agama sutras for sravaka disciple which were expounded after the Flower Garland Sutra for great bodhisattvas.

By Nichiren Daishonin,

in his writing Shugo kokka-ron (Treatise on Protecting the Nation)

Namu Myo Ho Renge Kyo

Namo Buddhaya

Namo Dharmaya

Namo Sanghaya

Which Sutra was the first one preached by the Buddha? The Flower Garland Sutra....

Question: Is there proof that the Flower Garland Sutra (Avatamsaka Sutra) is the first one preached by the Buddha?

Answer: Yes, there certainly is. The "Seken Jogen" chapter of the 60 fascicle Flower Garland Sutra states, " This is what I heard. At the time the Buddha attained Perfect Enlightenment for the first time at the Hall of Enlightenment in the Magadha Kingdom. " This statement proves that this sutra was preached under the bodhi tree where Shakyamuni Buddha had attained Buddhahood.

Moreover, it is stated in the first "Introductory" chapter of the Lotus Sutra that when the Buddha showed a potent omen of emitting a ray of light from the white curls between His eyebrows, Bodhisattva Maitreya saw Buddhas of numerous worlds in the universe expound major sutras in five periods. He then asked Bodhisattva Manjusri what this all meant: " The Buddhas, Saintly Masters, the Lion-like Ones, expounded the most wonderful sutra. I also saw them teaching many billions of bodhisattvas with pure and gentle voices." This indicates that the first preaching of the Buddha was the Flower Garland Sutra for bodhisattvas. Also, in the "Expedients" chapter of the Lotus Sutra the Buddha refers to His experience upon attaining enlightenment stating, "Sitting under a bodhi tree for the first time, I meditated on the tree, strolled about..... then various heavenly beings such as the King of the Brahma Heaven, Indra, the Four Heavenly Kings who protect the world, and Great Freedom God and billions of their retainers respectfully held their hands in gassho, bowed and requested Me to preach." This passage from Lotus Sutra indicates when the Flower Garland Sutra was preached. Hence the first fascicle of the Flower Garland Sutra includes such names as Vaisravana, Moon God, Sun God, Indra, King of Brahma Heaven, and Great Freedom God, all of whom attended the assembly of the Flower Garland Sutra.


Regarding when the Flower Garland Sutra was preached, fascicle of the Nirvana Sutra states:

Upon attainment of Buddhahood by the Buddha, the King of the Brahma Heaven requested Him to preach saying, " The Buddha, please open wide for the people the gate to the dhrama, which is as tasteful as nectar...." The King of the Brahma Heaven pleaded with the Buddha again, "All the people can be divided into three groups - the wise, mediocre, and slow. Of the three, the wise will be able to understand Your teaching. Please preach the dhrama for them." The Buddha then declared, " Listen carefully, the King of Brahma Heaven! I now will open the gate to Buddhist dharma for all people."


Considering when the Flower Garland Sutra was preached, fascicle 33 of the Nirvana Sutra, also states, "It was the same as what I had already expounded in detail for the various bodhisattvas in the past regarding the meanings and reasons of all Mahayana sutras among the twelve kinds of scriptures." These statements proves that when Buddhas appeared in the world to preach all scriptures of Buddhism, they necessarily began with the Flower Garland Sutra.

Question: The Sutra of Infinite Meaning declares, " The Four Noble Truths in the Hinayana sutras were preached at the beginning...., which were followed by Hodo sutras, the Wisdom Sutra, and the ocean-imprint meditation of the Flower Garland Sutra." According to this, the Flower Garland Sutra was expounded after the Wisdom Sutra. How you respond to this discrepancy?

Answer: I believe the above list of teaching was preached not in chronological order but according to the order of profundity in the doctrine. On the other hand, if it was preached in chronological order, placing the Flower Garland Sutra after the Wisdom Sutra may be due to the latter part of the Flower Garland Sutra that was expounded after the first part of the sutra was preached by the Buddha during the first three weeks upon attaining Buddhahood. The "Expedients" chapter of the Lotus Sutra lists the lifetime teachings of the Buddha according to the profundity in doctrine, "There is no other teaching except the Lotus Sutra, neither the Flower Garland Sutra nor the Wisdom Sutra and the Hodo sutras."





By Nichiren Daishonin,
in his writing Shugo kokka-ron (Treatise on Protecting the Nation)

Namu Myo Ho Renge Kyo
Namo Buddhaya
Namo Dharmaya
Namo Sanghaya